While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: - Architect Zaha Hadid (1950–2016) was born in Baghdad, Iraq, and later studied mathematics at the American University of Beirut. - She became the first woman to receive the Pritzker Architecture Prize, which she won in 2004. - Her buildings are known for their sweeping curves, fragmented geometry, and futuristic appearance. - The Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku, Azerbaijan, completed in 2012, features a flowing, wave-like exterior with almost no straight lines. - The London Aquatics Centre, built for the 2012 Olympics, has a roof shaped like a undulating wave that spans 160 meters.

The student wants to illustrate Hadid’s architectural style by providing examples. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: - The tardigrade is a microscopic animal, typically less than 0.5 millimeters long, found in environments ranging from deep ocean floors to mountaintops. - Tardigrades can enter a state called cryptobiosis, in which they expel nearly all water from their bodies and suspend their metabolism. - In cryptobiosis, tardigrades have survived temperatures as low as −272°C and as high as 150°C. - In 2007, tardigrades became the first animals to survive direct exposure to the vacuum and radiation of outer space during a European Space Agency experiment. - Researchers believe that studying tardigrade proteins could lead to advances in preserving vaccines and biological materials without refrigeration.

The student wants to highlight the potential practical applications of tardigrade research. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: - The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a massive accumulation of floating plastic debris in the North Pacific Ocean. - It covers an estimated area of 1.6 million square kilometers, roughly three times the size of France. - Most of the debris consists of microplastics, tiny fragments less than 5 millimeters in diameter, rather than large visible items. - Ocean cleanup efforts have traditionally focused on collecting surface debris using nets and barriers. - A 2022 study found that microplastics have been detected in ocean water at depths exceeding 1,000 meters, suggesting that the problem extends far below the surface.

The student wants to challenge a common assumption about the nature of ocean plastic pollution. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: - Linguist Dr. Kenji Yamamoto studies how bilingual children switch between languages in everyday conversation. - This practice, known as code-switching, was once considered a sign that bilingual speakers lacked full command of either language. - Dr. Yamamoto’s research found that code-switching actually requires advanced grammatical knowledge of both languages. - His 2020 study showed that bilingual children who code-switch frequently scored higher on tests of cognitive flexibility than children who did not. - Cognitive flexibility is the ability to shift between thinking about different concepts or to think about multiple concepts simultaneously.

The student wants to contrast an older view of code-switching with Dr. Yamamoto’s findings. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: - The city of Medellín, Colombia, was once considered one of the most dangerous cities in the world due to high rates of violent crime in the 1990s. - Beginning in the early 2000s, the city invested heavily in public transit, including a cable car system connecting hillside neighborhoods to the city center. - The cable car system reduced average commute times for residents of low-income hillside communities by approximately 40 percent. - The city also built public libraries, parks, and schools in historically underserved areas. - Between 2002 and 2015, Medellín’s homicide rate dropped by over 80 percent, and the city has since won international awards for urban innovation.

The student wants to present Medellín’s transformation as the result of deliberate investment. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: - Composer Florence Price (1887–1953) was the first African American woman to have a symphony performed by a major American orchestra. - Her Symphony No. 1 in E Minor premiered with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in 1933. - Price drew on African American musical traditions, incorporating spirituals and the rhythmic patterns of juba dance into her orchestral compositions. - After her death, many of Price’s manuscripts were lost or forgotten for decades. - In 2009, a large collection of her unpublished scores was discovered in an abandoned house in St. Anne, Illinois, sparking renewed scholarly and public interest in her work.

The student wants to explain why interest in Florence Price’s work has recently grown. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?